Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a temporary disease with an unexplained aetiology. The clinical picture of TGA is characterised by retrograde amnesia (spanning from several days to several years), anterograde amnesia (from few to several hours, most often from 4 to 8), significant disorientation with respect to time (about 50% of the patients) and place (above 90% patients), preserved auto-orientation and preserved ability to recognise other people. The onset of transient global amnesia is sudden and unpredictable. Memory impairments in TGA are unspecific and they are not limited to one single sense or to one given type of material. In TGA there is a lack of comorbid neurological symptoms. Among 10-20% patients after one TGA episode there is a possibility of a next one. Among the risk factors of transient global amnesia we can distinguish biological and psychological variables. The aim of the study is to present symptoms and aetiology of TGA and to show several neuropsychological methods which can be used in differential diagnosis.