The paper sets out to present Doctor Ludwik Jekels’ activity for the development of psychoanalysis in Poland between 1909 and 1914. The second part of the paper focuses mainly on the period of 1911–1912 when Ludwik Jekels was the most active in promoting psychoanalysis. The article also includes the discussion of Jekels’ book publications including two translations of Sigmund Freud’s works and the first Polish publication on psychoanalysis entitled Szkic psychoanalizy Freuda (An Outline of Freud’s Psychoanalysis). The reactions of the scientific circles, particularly those associated with the Lviv School of Psychology, were also analyzed. The access to previously unpublished sources allowed the authors, for the first time, to report on Jekels’ educational activity in Krakow and Lviv. The sources also gave insight to Jekels’ completely unknown actions to promote psychoanalysis in Cieszyn Silesia. Jekels’ lectures were followed by a wide range of reactions from the public with the medical community increasingly criticizing psychoanalysis. The pinnacle of Jekels’ activity was the Second Congress of Polish Neurologists, Psychiatrists and Psychologists was organized in Krakow in 1912. It was the culmination in the discussion on the place of psychoanalysis in the Polish science. The paper presents the participants of the psychoanalytic session with a special focus on Dr Jekels’ contribution, the way how psychoanalysis discussion was conducted and the effects of the congress on further development of psychoanalysis. In conclusion an attempt was made to assess the overall significance of Dr Jekels’ activities in Poland.